Home community medicine house fly characteristics, life cycle and control measures. A chewing insect has a pair of mandibles, one on each side of the head. The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. The upper part looks like head, and bottom seems to be its mouth. It produces a large population at a rapid pace due to the large number of egg production and high rate of development. Usually, a wheal raised area of skin occurs around the site, and other symptoms may include urticaria a rash, dizziness, weakness, wheezing, and angioedema a temporary itchy, pink or red swelling occurring around the eyes or lips. With so many predators, a housefly s average lifespan is even shorter. This is due largely to the eating habits of this species, which consumes and contaminates just about anything and everything, using its feet to touch every potential food item to see if. A large aquatic vascular plant about 200 million years old b. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.
How mosquitoes bite mosquitoes are the deadliest animal in the world, killing more than 1 million people per year. Sugars containing solid foods are scrapped are liquefied with its saliva for sponging. Common flies order diptera in the wichita mountains and surrounding areas angel chiri entomologist introduction the diptera is divided into three suborders, the nematocera crane flies, mosquitoes, midges, brachycera soldier flies, horse flies, robber flies. Certainly it is common for significant homology to be conserved, with matching structures formed from matching primordia, and having the same evolutionary origin. How mosquitoes bite mosquito traps to protect your home. Photograph by jim kalisch, university of nebraskalincoln. The mouthparts of house flies and blow flies are specialized for sponging up liquid food. During a warm summer optimal conditions for a housefly the cycle, from fertilized egg to adult, spans a mere seven to 10 days. During feeding, liquid food collects in these grooves and moves upward by capillary action until it can be sucked into the food canal on the backside of. Houseflies carry and spread a number of potentially deadly diseases including typhoid fever, salmonella, tuberculosis, conjunctivitis, leprosy and cholera, as well as intestinal worms and the bacteria responsible for dysentery. Housefly, musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffering from.
Housefly feeds on any organic matter, exposed food or even an open wound and faecal matter. The biting mouthparts of an adult damselfly make short work of an aphid. The following are some of the adaptive features of a fly with sponging mouthparts. We will reduce number of polygons to 50k, 20k or 3k. Chapter 10 idaho master gardener program handbook 10 5 another lepidoteran is the codling moth, which does damage to apples. This page was last edited on 2 december 2017, at 12. The often maligned common house fly, musca domestica, is generally thought to be a nuisance and vector for many diseases that affect both humans and animals. The mouthparts include labium, labrumepipharynx, hypopharynx, mandibles and first maxillae. Common flies order diptera in the wichita mountains and surrounding areas angel chiri entomologist introduction the diptera is divided into three suborders, the nematocera crane flies, mosquitoes, midges, brachycera soldier flies, horse flies, robber flies, bee flies, and cyclorhapha house flies, blow flies, flesh flies. Muscidae 2 manure piles or in other protected locations. Insect mouthparts amateur entomologists society aes. They feed and reproduce on garbage, feces and rotting flesh. The mouthparts include a long proboscis tube made by labrum epipharynx, hypo pharynx, labium and a pair of unjointed maxillary palps on sides of. Integrated pest management of flies in texas dairies.
The life history of the fly in the study of insects entomology, flies plural. These lobes have a series of fine tubes pseudotracheae. Semiochemicals from ovaries of gravid females attract ovipositing female houseflies, musca domestica pdf. When they emerge from the egg, immature ametabolous insects look like tiny versions of their adult counterparts. Characteristics of sponging mouthparts how flies feed. Over many eons of time, tissues and appendages near the mouth opening came to be adapted for gathering and manipulating bits of. Forest entomology the study of insects that interact with the. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Its mouthparts are made of soft, spongy structures called a labella and a proboscis.
Stylets help insects to suck the sap out of plants. It is easily distinguished from the housefly by its piercingsucking mouthparts, which it carries in a sheath projecting forward from under the head. Houseflies live for up to 3 weeks and are active during the warmer part of the year. The most primitive insects, such as springtails, silverfish, and firebrats, undergo little or no true metamorphosis over the course of their life cycles. Common flies order diptera in the wichita mountains and. Circle the correct answer for the cladogram question below. In this article we will discuss about the head and mouth parts of housefly with the help of diagram. The house fly is 6 to 7 mm long, with the female usually larger than the male. David shetlar the bugdoc, professor of urban landscape entomology. On previous articles, we talked about flying adaptations in insects and how flying made them more diverse. The housefly musca domestica is a fly of the suborder cyclorrhapha. Functional morphology of the mouthparts of the adult mediterranean.
Two small and mobile antennae are present in the head region. Butterfly, cockroach, housefly, honey bee, mosquito. You may want to make name tags with pictures of the insects to give to each child to help them remember who they are. Experts recommend using repellents, covering all skin, eliminating standing water around the house and setting traps to decrease populations of. Microbial communities of the house fly musca domestica vary with. True flies are insects of the order diptera, the name being derived from the greek ditwo, and pteron wing. The housefly, lifecycle and transmission of disease. The h1 neuron is responsible for detecting horizontal motion across the entire visual field of the fly, allowing the fly to generate and guide stabilizing motor corrections midflight with respect to yaw. The peach twig borer is a severe pest of peaches, prunes, plums, and apricots. The stable fly feeds on blood, and its mouthparts protrude from the front of its head. Life cycle houseflies live for up to 3 weeks and are active during the warmer part of the year. Pdf to study the fate and distribution of normal bacterial flora in the developmental stages of the.
Structure and life cycle of the housefly with diagram. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust mouthparts of a chewing insect, and it uses them to masticate cut, tear, crush, chew food items. The ancestors of presentday insects were probably wormlike arthropods with a simple mouth opening near the front of a bilaterally symmetrical body. It is believed to have evolved in the cenozoic era, possibly in the middle east, and has spread all over the world as a commensal of humans.
In warm climatic conditions, house fly completes its life cycle from 23 weeks. House flies, a kind of filth fly, are a nuisance in homes. The structure is composed of articulated appendages called gnathites, represented by two pairs of symmetrical appendages mandibles and maxillae and a posterior labium, unpaired and median. Feed on various plant or animal juices, such as nectar, sap, or blood. Now that you know more about how the mouthparts of a mosquito work, youre likely thinking about how to keep them far, far away from you. The often maligned common house fly, musca domestica, is considered to be a nuisance as well as a vector for many diseases affecting both humans and animals. Warm summer conditions are generally optimum for the development of the house fly, and it can complete its life cycle in as little as seven to ten days. The body of housefly is distinguished into head, thorax and abdomen. This species survives the winter mainly in the form of pupae, although, as with the common housefly, adults remain active and reproduce throughout the year in warm conditions. The mouthparts of insects, in the primitive structure, derive from the differentiation of three postoral segments. The female can be distinguished from the male by the relatively wide space between the eyes in males, the eyes. Adult house flies have two wings and four lengthwise black stripes on their backs. Pdf transmission of bacterial pathogens by the house fly musca.
This is because a maledetermining gene mdmd can be found on most or all housefly chromosomes. Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as highspeed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Three simple eyes ocelli are also present on dorsal side of the head. Pdf on jan 1, 20, muhammad nadeem abbas and others published house fly musca domestica, a challenging pest. This is due largely to the eating habits of this species, which consumes and contaminates just about anything and everything, using its feet to touch every potential food. But the problem with flies isnt just that they irritate us by trespassing.
The word sponging describes the function of the mouthparts which acts like a sponge to absorb food in liquid form. The world of insects is as fascinating as it is diverse. Lesser housefly is more tolerant of cool conditions than the common housefly. The mouthparts are of sponging type and are used for sucking liquid. Home insects insect fact files insect mouthparts insect mouthparts. A to z of insects amateur entomologists society aes. The labium is elongated and forms two lobes at the tip. What objects can you think of that look like and work like insect stylets. Share your knowledge share your word file share your pdf file share your ppt file. Various flies can be described as common in their frequency the housefly, musca domestica, painful in their bite the horse fly, family tabanidae, and. House fly characteristics, life cycle and control measures. When feeding, the stable fly inserts its mouthparts into the host to withdraw blood. Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in ways that allow them to effectively exploit their food sources.
Forest entomology the study of insects that interact with. Prepupa and sequence of puparia by age for the house fly, musca domestica linnaeus. This is due largely to the eating habits of this species. You can find out information by browsing the list of insect orders or using this a to z list. The mouthparts are specially adapted for a liquid diet.
Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of species considered insects. The head is hemispherical in shape and bears two lateral compound eyes. Functional morphology of the mouthparts of the adult. Significance houseflies can transmit intestinal worms, or. Entomologists refer to these insects as ametabolous, from the greek for having no metamorphosis. An adult female deposits 50 to 100 eggs at a time and about 500. Chapter 31 the best control for flies stephen tvedten. House fly mouthparts molecular expressions florida state. The microbiomes of blowflies and houseflies as bacterial. Learning objectives to learn the roles insects play in our everyday life to understand insect classification and the types of insects in the orders we discuss.
Over millions of years, insects have got adapted to countless ecological changes. Divide class up into groups of four youth to participate in mouthparts mayhem relay. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The primitive arrangement of mouthparts is seen in the cockroach here they are used for biting. The mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata wiedemann is a major pest of fruits and fruiting vegetables, and has been studied extensively because of its economic importance to horticultural production and trade in many parts of the world christenson and foote 1960. It is the slide of head and mouthparts of housefly musca domestica. These stealthy creatures bite us and fly off, and we dont even know theyve attacked until the itch begins. Adults are grey to black, with four dark, longitudinal lines on the thorax, slightly hairy bodies, and a single pair of membranous wings. Consequently, a very large volume of information has been amassed on the biology. Sponging mouthpart diptera an example of a diptera with sponging mouthpart is the common housefly. Muscidae as waheed iqbal, muhammad faheem malik, muhammad kaleem sarwar, iqra azam, nadia iram, aqsad rashda abstract housefly, musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals, which still are suffering from its harmful impacts.
Its mouthpart cannot penetrate tissue, but the enlarged proboscis terminates in two pads whose surface is channeled by grooves called pseudotracheae. Significance houseflies can transmit intestinal worms, or their. In this new article, we explain you the origin and evolutionary changes of insects mouthparts and therefore of feeding diversification throughout their evolutionary history. Many species in this category thrive in kitchens, bathrooms, and even sink drains. Butterflies, for example, use siphoning mouthparts to drink nectar from deep inside flowers. The housefly musca domestica is the most common of all domestic flies. Over many eons of time, tissues and appendages near the mouth opening came to be adapted for gathering and manipulating bits of solid food. However, under suboptimal conditions the life cycle may require up to two months. Houseflies are often confused with flesh flies and stable flies. Fluorescence digital image gallery house fly mouth. Flies can spread microbes through excretion, contact with contaminated legs or mouthparts, and by regurgitation while feeding 10, 11. Media in category musca domestica anatomy the following 26 files are in this category, out of 26 total. In the blow fly grahamsmith 1930 and the house fly hewitt 1914. Some insects have tubeshaped mouthparts called stylets stylets.
Assign each group member to be one of the following insects. Housefly the proboscis shows a capillary mechanism. House flies of kentucky university of kentucky entomology. Muscidae development in different types of manure patricia larrain s. Head and mouth parts of housefly zoology biology discussion. For this reason, and, the fact that the housefly is an efficient and successful insect, it is important for the biologist to make a close study of its life history and habits. The mature female housefly lays many batches of eggs with 100 to 150 eggs in each batch.
Luckily for the housefly, the phrase breeding like flies isnt just a figure of speech. Inside of the head, triangular area is darker than other part, so there are must be internal organs. Feeding in housefly the mouthparts consist of a proboscis by which the fly sucks liquid food. Insects are incredibly diverse organisms, and they fill a variety of niches in their respective ecosystems. There are five different structures which are used for the initial collection and. The housefly life cycle closely mirrors that of most insects. The stable fly feeds on blood, and its mouthparts protrude from.
1362 795 927 1434 956 116 204 1551 1001 718 122 388 323 490 128 1339 289 1280 910 1228 1221 533 1317 1422 536 1236 695 1489 789 1499 801 702 459 1492 1251 782 682 1425 340